Division of onomasiological description of Cabecar 11.06.2026

As an example of the application of the onomasiological framework, here follows the hierarchical division of the respective chapter of González Campos & Lehmann, The Cabecar language, down to level 5 of the hierarchy.


4 Significative system

4.2 Function-based description

4.2.1 Substantive notions and denomination

4.2.1.1 Nominal classification

4.2.1.1.1 Categories of the empathy hierarchy

4.2.1.1.2 Sex-based contrast

4.2.1.2 Onomastics

4.2.1.2.1 Person names

4.2.1.2.2 Other names

4.2.1.3 Relationality

4.2.1.3.1 Relational notions

4.2.1.3.2 Kinship

4.2.1.3.3 Body parts

4.2.1.4 Formation of substantive notions

4.2.1.4.1 Notions based on substantive notions

4.2.1.4.2 Notions based on a proposition

4.2.1.5 Modification of substantive notions

4.2.1.5.1 Modification by quality

4.2.1.5.2 Modification by participation

4.2.2 Quantification, measure, and ordering

4.2.2.1 Plurality

4.2.2.2 Counting

4.2.2.2.1 Formation of units

4.2.2.2.2 Cardinal numerals and counting

4.2.2.2.3 Non-cardinal numerals

4.2.2.2.4 Approximative counting

4.2.2.3 Non-numeral quantification

4.2.2.3.1 Universal quantification

4.2.2.3.2 Existential quantification

4.2.2.3.3 Sizing quantification

4.2.2.4 Measurement and collection

4.2.2.4.1 Measurement

4.2.2.4.2 Collection

4.2.3 Reference

4.2.3.1 Anchorage

4.2.3.1.1 Descriptive reference

4.2.3.1.2 Anamnestic reference

4.2.3.1.3 Relational selection

4.2.3.1.4 Deixis

4.2.3.2 Individuation

4.2.3.2.1 Specificity

4.2.3.2.2 Non-specificity

4.2.3.3 Accessibility and phora

4.2.3.3.1 Accessibility

4.2.3.3.2 Coreference above clause level

4.2.3.3.3 Intraclausal coreference

4.2.3.3.4 Identity-of-sense anaphora

4.2.3.4 Demarcation of referential expression

4.2.4 Situation

4.2.4.1 Types of situation

4.2.4.2 Holistic vs. analytic representation

4.2.4.2.1 Holistic representation

4.2.4.2.2 Complex situation core

4.2.4.3 Temporal design of situation core

4.2.4.3.1 Time stability

4.2.4.3.2 Phases and boundaries

4.2.4.4 Quality and quantity of situation core

4.2.4.4.1 Manner

4.2.4.4.2 Gradation

4.2.4.4.3 Temporal quantification of a situation

4.2.5 Predication

4.2.5.1 Types and strategies of predication

4.2.5.2 Existence

4.2.5.3 Presentation

4.2.5.4 Equation

4.2.5.5 Categorization

4.2.5.6 Characterization

4.2.5.6.1 Property

4.2.5.6.2 Design for a purpose

4.2.5.6.3 Comparison

4.2.5.7 Stative predication

4.2.5.7.1 Coding a state

4.2.5.7.2 Various states

4.2.5.7.3 Result

4.2.5.8 Change of category and quality

4.2.5.8.1 Recategorization

4.2.5.8.2 Change of quality

4.2.5.9 Secondary predication

4.2.5.9.1 Resultative secondary predication

4.2.5.9.2 Depictive secondary predication

4.2.5.9.3 Translative secondary predication

4.2.6 Possession

4.2.6.1 Possession in reference

4.2.6.1.1 Referring expression based on possessive relation

4.2.6.1.2 Referring expression based on proprietive relation

4.2.6.2 Possessive predication

4.2.6.2.1 Ascription of possession

4.2.6.2.2 Predication of belonging

4.2.6.3 Possession and participation

4.2.6.4 Past and future possession

4.2.7 Participation

4.2.7.1 Semantic roles

4.2.7.2 Hierarchy of syntactic functions

4.2.7.3 Actor and control

4.2.7.3.1 Control

4.2.7.3.2 Actor promotion

4.2.7.3.3 Actor demotion

4.2.7.3.4 Control in specific actions and processes

4.2.7.3.5 Causation

4.2.7.4 Undergoer and affectedness

4.2.7.4.1 Promotion to absolutive function

4.2.7.4.2 Undergoer demotion

4.2.7.4.3 Affectedness

4.2.7.5 Indirectus

4.2.7.6 Experience

4.2.7.6.1 Desideration

4.2.7.6.2 Perception

4.2.7.6.3 Feeling

4.2.7.6.4 Lexicalization of experiential predicates

4.2.7.7 Theme

4.2.7.8 Peripheral roles

4.2.7.8.1 Participative roles

4.2.7.8.2 Situative roles

4.2.7.9 Meteorological ambience

4.2.8 Space

4.2.8.1 Spatial reference points

4.2.8.1.1 Concrete reference points

4.2.8.1.2 Spatial deixis

4.2.8.2 Spatial regions

4.2.8.2.1 Dimensional regions

4.2.8.2.2 Topological regions

4.2.8.3 Spatial distance

4.2.8.4 Rest

4.2.8.4.1 Posture

4.2.8.4.2 Location

4.2.8.5 Motion

4.2.8.5.1 Manner of motion

4.2.8.5.2 Directed motion

4.2.8.5.3 Associated motion

4.2.8.6 Local relations

4.2.8.6.1 Coding strategies for local relations

4.2.8.6.2 Reference point is concrete

4.2.8.6.3 Reference-point is a situation

4.2.9 Time

4.2.9.1 Temporal reference points

4.2.9.2 Temporal relations

4.2.9.2.1 Coding strategies for temporal relations

4.2.9.2.2 Simultaneity

4.2.9.2.3 Succession

4.2.10 Modality

4.2.10.1 Debitive modality

4.2.10.2 Potential modality

4.2.10.2.1 Epistemic potential

4.2.10.2.2 Situational potential modality

4.2.10.3 Volitive modality

4.2.10.4 Validation

4.2.10.5 Epistemics and evidentiality

4.2.10.5.1 Epistemic assessment

4.2.10.5.2 Inference and presumption

4.2.10.5.3 Perceptual evidence

4.2.10.5.4 Hearsay and quotation

4.2.10.6 Evaluative modality

4.2.11 Negation

4.2.11.1 Semantic scope of negation

4.2.11.1.1 Global negation

4.2.11.1.2 Focal negation

4.2.11.1.3 Scope of negation with modal predicates

4.2.11.2 Negated coordination

4.2.11.3 Negation and quantification

4.2.11.3.1 Negation of universal quantification

4.2.11.3.2 Negation of existential quantification

4.2.11.4 Negation of notions

4.2.12 Junction

4.2.12.1 Intrinsic relations

4.2.12.1.1 Predicate of perception

4.2.12.1.2 Predicate of cognition

4.2.12.1.3 Predicate of communication

4.2.12.1.4 Predicate of desideration

4.2.12.2 Extrinsic relations

4.2.12.2.1 Logical relations

4.2.12.2.2 Concrete relations

4.2.13 Discourse structure

4.2.13.1 Thematic structure articulation

4.2.13.1.1 Articulation into topic and comment

4.2.13.1.2 Thematic structure articulation under negation

4.2.13.2 Activation of referent

4.2.13.2.1 Topicalization of unused referent

4.2.13.2.2 Topicalization of used referent

4.2.13.2.3 Contrastive topic

4.2.13.2.4 Reuse of active referent

4.2.13.3 Focusing

4.2.13.3.1 Bare focus

4.2.13.3.2 Restrictive focus

4.2.13.3.3 Predicate focus

4.2.13.4 Emphasis

4.2.13.4.1 Emphasis on a clause component

4.2.13.4.2 Emphatic negation

4.2.13.5 Thetic statement

4.2.14 Communicative relations

4.2.14.1 Communication channel

4.2.14.1.1 Allocution and address

4.2.14.1.2 Greetings

4.2.14.1.3 Maintenance of communication channel

4.2.14.1.4 Ensuring understanding

4.2.14.2 Politeness and etiquette

4.2.14.3 Illocution

4.2.14.3.1 Assertion and agreement

4.2.14.3.2 Denial and contradiction

4.2.14.3.3 Exchange of information

4.2.14.3.4 Directive illocution

4.2.14.3.5 Offer, acceptance, refusal, and gratitude

4.2.14.3.6 Excuse and forgiveness

4.2.14.3.7 Good wishes and curses

4.2.14.4 Exclamation

4.2.14.4.1 Declarative exclamation

4.2.14.4.2 Interrogative exclamation

4.2.14.4.3 Optative exclamation

4.2.14.4.4 Expression of emotion

4.2.14.5 Metalinguistic operations

4.2.14.5.1 Metalinguistic terminology

4.2.14.5.2 Taboo and euphemism

4.2.14.5.3 Parity language

4.2.14.5.4 Ritual language