1. phonological categorization
  2. idiomatic pronunciation

establishment of phonological units and rules

English phones and phonemes
orthographicphoneticphonemic
teartʰiːɚtiːr
softsɒft ̚sɔft
deard̥iːɚdiːɽ
waiterwɛɪd̥ɚwɛɪtəɽ

markedness
principle of unilateral foundation

Unilateral foundation of phonological contrasts and complexes
basicsecondary
/t//k/
/e//ø/
<pot><spot>