Test for control

.	Linda tried to break the twig
.	?Linda refused to fall down the stairs.

Test for intentionality

.	What for did you work?
.	?What for did you suffer a stroke?

Causative

.	a.	Lindas Daumen sinkt.
	b.	‘Linda’s thumb sinks.’

	b.	Linda senkt den Daumen.
		‘Linda turns down her thumb.’

.	a.	Das Vieh trinkt.
		‘The cattle drinks.’

.	b.	Linda tränkt das Vieh.
		‘Linda waters the cattle.’

.	a.	Der Waisenknabe saugt.
		‘The orphan sucks.’

.	b.	Die Amme säugt den Waisenknaben.
	b	‘The nurse suckles the orphan.’

Deagentive

.	a.	Linda broke the twig.
	b.	The twig broke.

.	a.	Speakers do not passivize this verb.
	b.	This verb does not passivize.