Convergence
| . | wǒ | jiè | qián | gěi | gōngsī |
| Mand | I | lend | money | give | company |
| I lent (some) money to the company |
| . | emprestei | dinheiro | para | a | empresa |
| Port | lend:PRT.1.SG | money | to | DEF.F.SG | company(F) |
| I lent money to the company |
Persistence
| . | a. | wǒ | gěi | tā | yī-běn | shū |
| Chin | I | give | he | one-volume | book |
| I give him a book |
| b. | wǒ | gěi | tā | mǎi | xīangyēn |
| | I | give | he | buy | cigarette |
| I buy him cigarettes |
| . | wǒ | jiè+gěi | gōngsī | qián |
| Mand | I | lend+give | company | money |
| I lent the company (some) money |
| . | comprei | cigarros | para | ele |
| Port | buy:PRT.1.SG | cigarette:PL | to | he |
| I bought cigarettes for him |
Hopper, Paul J. 1991, „On some principles of grammaticization.“ Traugott, Elizabeth C. & Heine, Bernd (eds.), Approaches to grammaticalization. 2 vols. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: J. Benjamins (Typological Studies in Language, 19); 1: 17-35.