The interpropositional relation of conjunction (represented in propositional calculus by ‘p & q’ or ‘p ∧ q’) is the semantically least specific interpropositional relation. In its elementary shape, it merely serves to convert a sequence of two propositions into a complex unit.

Kinds of conjunction are specified along the following – largely cross-classifying – parameters:

Polarity

1. positive: ‘p and q’,
2. negative: ‘p (and) not q’; ‘not p, (but) q’; ‘neither p nor q’

Negative polarity of one component of a binary conjunction may produce a contrastive relation.

Semantic specificity of relation

1. neutral conjunction: ‘and’
2. additive conjunction: ‘also/too’

Contrastive coordination ( ‘but’; ‘while/whereas’) is at the same classificatory level as conjunction. S. contrast relations for the different kinds of contrast.

Level of relation

1. conjunction of propositions
2. conjunction of components of propositions.

In the last subcase, the relation between the coordinate elements may be additive. The complex thus formed may then function as a plurality in syntax; s. the section on coordination.