Topicality and accessibility 20.07.2026

At a given point in the development of a discourse, a referent is accessible in the consciousness of the interlocutors to different extents. This depends on the distance of its last mention and a few other factors. If it is fully accessible, it is fully apt to function as topic in the next utterance; if it is inaccessible, it is inapt for this function.

To these accessibility statuses correspond different means of coding such a referent, which may be represented in an accessibility scale. The two scales may be put side by side and then correlate to a significant degree.

Accessibility of referents
awareness statusaccessibility
brand-new unanchored inaccessible
brandnew anchored ↓
unused
ready
active accessible
Explicitness of coding of referents
representationexplicitness
lexical NPexplicit
emphatic pronoun
neutral pronoun↑
clitic pronoun
pronominal affix
zeroimplicit

The original version of this combination is the Topic continuity scale.