Grammaticalization in Cabecar

Verb enclitics
form	label	function
ba	anticipative	V before the expected time
dá	culminative	N is underway to Ving, gets up to V, ends up Ving
jka~kja	antepresent	V is recently completed and yet relevant at topic time
(j)u̱	autonomous motion	N moves under its own control
ká̱/gá̱	ascensive	N moves upward; V increasingly
ké̱	imperfective 2	V continuously
kia	paenitive	almost V
klë	desiderative1	N will V
ma̱	durative	V is a continuing or repeated movement
ma̱	collocative	V places N where it belongs
mi̱	itive	N moves away from the origo
mi̱	potential	V may happen
pa	approbative	V is desirable or happens conveniently, opportunely
(k)sa̱	reduced efficiency	V incompletely
(k)sa̱	egressive	N moves out of / away from some point of reference
ta̱na̱	terminative	N Vs, leaving it at that / conclusively
të	ventive	N is coming to the origo
tsé̱	transportative	N moves without its own control
wa̱	desiderative2	want to V
wa̱	efficient	V efficiently
wa̱	descensive	N moves downward
wa̱	ingressive	N moves into some point of reference

.	i	te	i	su̱-á̱=rá
Cabecar	3	erg	3	see1-pfv=clm
	he managed to see it / he came to realize it

b.	¿Ú̱	ch-á̱=mi̱	bá	te	Mariela	i̱a̱	na̱?
	pot	deliver-pfv=it	2.sg	erg	Mariela	dat	int1
	Did you deliver the pot to Mariela?

b.	alár	te	yís	él	kt-á=sa̱
	rheumatism	erg	1.sg	same.sex.sibling	kill-pfv=r.eff
	my sibling caught rheumatism

.	d-á=sa̱=ká̱=ju̱=të
Cabecar	emerge-prog=egr=asc=am=ven
	leaving up (from its hole) on its own toward me

Diagram 1. Template of verb enclitics