Derivation
| . | a. | Caesar | haber-i | bil-iyor |
| Turkish | Caesar | news-ACC | know-IMPFV | |
| Caesar knows the news | ||||
| b. | Caesar-e | haber-i | bil-dir-di-k | |
| Caesar-DAT | news-ACC | know-CAUS-PST-1.PL | ||
| we made the news known to Caesar | ||||
Lexical alternation
| . | a. | Caesar res gestas novit |
| Latin | Caesar knows the news | |
| b. | Caesarem de rebus gestis certiorem fecimus | |
| we made the news known to Caesar | ||
language verb | Turkish | Latin | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| intransitive | art-mak | crēsc-ere | grow |
| agentive | art-ır-mak | aug-ēre | make grow |
10 such semantically regular pairs in Latin.